Drugs & Behavior

Fall, 1999 Midterm

Which of these does NOT effect the rate of drug metabolism?

a.   Zero Order Kinetics
b.   Age
c.   Presence of other drugs
d.   Blood Brain Barrier

Part of the brain that deals with fighting is the:

a.   corpus callosum
b.   hypothalamus
c.   cerebellum
d.   medulla

This part of the brain, located in the rostral hypothalamus, is involved in drug addiction:

a.   Basal Ganglia
b.   Cortex
c.   Nucleus Accumbens
d.   Sulcai

A compound that is able to maintain contact to a receptor is said to have:

a.   Activation
b.   Intrinsic activity
c.   Pharmacodynamics
d.   Affinity

The therapy step to detox which involves the abuser being in denial perceiving that they do not have a problem is called:

a.   precontemplation
b.   contemplation
c.   preparation
d.   action

The systematic study of the effects of drugs on behavior, cognitive functioning, and emotions is called:

a.   pharmacokinetics
b.   psychopharmacology
c.   psychology
d.   none of the above

The biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action is referred to as:

a.   pharmacodynamics
b.   neurotransmission
c.   pharmacokinetics
d.   none of the above

Which is the most common route of drug administration?

a.   intravenous
b.   inhalation
c.   oral
d.   intramuscular

Any process resulting in any chemical change in the drug in the body is known as:

a.   excretion
b.   metabolism
c.   fermentation
d.   distribution

LSD is classified as a/an:

a.   antidepressant
b.   analgesic
c.   sedative-hypnotic
d.   hallucinogen

Which of the following is "not" a route of drug administration?

a.   Transdermal infusion
b.   Intravenous injection
c.   Mucous Membranes
d.   Intracellular injection

In neurons, ion channels exist for which ions?

a.   Na+ K+ Cl2- Ca2+
b.   Na+ K+ Cl-
c.   Na+ K+ Cl- Ca+
d.   Na+ K+ Cl- Ca2+

Which is the correct order of events during action potential?

a.   Threshold, depolarization, action potential, hyperpolarization, resting potential
b.   Depolarization, threshold, action potential, resting potential, hyperpolarization
c.   Resting potential, threshold, depolarization, action potential, hyperpolarization
d.   Na+ K+ Cl- Ca2+

Which is the correct order of events during action potential?

a.   Threshold, depolarization, action potential, hyperpolarization, resting potential
b.   Depolarization, threshold, action potential, resting potential, hyperpolarization
c.   Resting potential, threshold, depolarization, action potential, hyperpolarization
d.   both a & c

Which of the following is the correct order for the manufacture of Catecholamine NT's?

a.   Serotonine>L-dopa>Dopamine>Norepinephrine>epinephrine
b.   Tyrosine>L-dopa>Dopamine>Norepinephrine>epinephrine
c.   Tyrosine>Dopamine>L-dopa>norepinephrine>epinephrine
d.   Tyrosine>Dopamine>L-dopa>epinephrine>norepinephrine

Tachyphylaxis is...

a.   tolerance to one drug results in tolerance to another drug
b.   decreased effect due to previous exposure
c.   desensitivity to drug over a very short period of time
d.   increased effect due to previous exposure

A "hangover" results from a build up of what chemical in the body?

a.   citric acid
b.   acetaldehyde
c.   ethanol
d.   lactose

Caffeine, a drug present in many sodas, makes us alert by..

a.   inhibiting catecholamine synthesis
b.   decreasing the firing of cortical neurons
c.   antagonizing CNS adenosine receptors
d.   Both a and c

After its discovery, cocaine was used by Freud as a treatment for

a.   Alcoholism
b.   Morphine addiction
c.   asthma
d.   all of the above

Who was the first person to synthesize LSD in 1938?

a.   Sigmund Freud
b.   American Indians
c.   Albert Hoffman
d.   Dr. Anch

What drug antagonizes the NMDA glutamate receptor and as a result is being considered as a treatment for stroke victims?

a.   LSD
b.   PCP
c.   MDMA
d.   MPTP

Which of the following is the most used and abused recreational sedative-hypnotic drug?

a.   Nitrous oxide
b.   Ethanol
c.   Toluene
d.   Quaaludes

Which of the following is the most widely used behaviorally active drug in the world?

a.   Cocaine
b.   Caffeine
c.   Marijuana
d.   Ethanol

The most common term for morphine and similar-acting drugs is:

a.   Psychostimulant
b.   Narcotic
c.   Antidepressant
d.   Hallucinogen

Which of the following is one of the four major classes of P/P/H's?

a.   Cannabinoids
b.   Psychostimulants
c.   Sedative-hypnotic
d.   Narcotics

What is the active ingredient in marijuana?

a.   MPP+
b.   MPTP
c.   THC
d.   MDMA

a.
b.
c.
d.

How long does it take for 90% of the alcohol consumed to absorb into the bloodstream?

a.   15 minutes
b.   30 minutes
c.   1 hour
d.   2 hours

In males alcohol

a.   decreases the libido
b.   increases blood circulation
c.   decreases testosterone
d.   all of the above

Which of the following is not an opiod receptor?

a.   mu
b.   gamma
c.   delta
d.   kappa

Which of the following is not a subjective effect of PCP?

a.   symptoms opposite of schitzophrenia
b.   feelings of depersonalization
c.   a sense of timelessness
d.   symptoms mimicking schitzophrenia

When smoking marijuana the "set" is very important

a.   true
b.   false
c.
d.

When smoking marijuana the "set" is very important

a.   true
b.   false
c.
d.

When smoking marijuana the "set" is very important

a.   true
b.   false
c.   -
d.   -

When smoking marijuana the "set" is very important

a.   true
b.   false
c.   both a & b
d.   -

When smoking marijuana the "set" is very important

a.   true
b.   false
c.   both a & b
d.   neither

At low doses, sedative-hypnotics induce a calming or sedative effect, whereas at high doses, they induce a state of hypnosis.

a.   true
b.   false
c.
d.

In what way(s) does alcohol interfere with the normal function of the liver?

a.   fat accumulates in the liver
b.   blood sugar levels increase
c.   blood sugar levels decrease
d.   a and c

The most frequently used drug in the world is what type of drug?

a.   anxiolytic
b.   hallucinogen
c.   psychostimulant
d.   sedative-hypnotic

Amphetamines:

a.   decrease catecholamine release
b.   block the reuptake of catecholamines
c.   increase MAO
d.   b and c

Opiate withdrawal can often be life-threatening.

a.   true
b.   false
c.
d.

The nonopiate drug used to treat opiate dependency is?

a.   LAAM
b.   Buprenex
c.   Clonidine
d.   Methadone

What is responsible for first pass metabolism of alcohol?

a.   upper G.I. track
b.   liver
c.   kidney
d.

The following are all effects of alcohol consumption except:

a.   vertigo
b.   diuresis
c.   increased blood circulation to the skin
d.   acid and pepsin secretion in stomach

The most commonly prescribed anxiolytic is:

a.   valium
b.   Xanax
c.   Serax
d.   Librium

Which psychostimulant has a very low therapeutic index?

a.   caffeine
b.   convulsants
c.   Pemoline Magnesium
d.   antidepressants

Smoking can contribute to heart disease by:

a.   increasing carboxyhemoglobin
b.   increasing oxygen's affinity for hemoglobin
c.   increasing the workload of the heart
d.   A and C

Which is a "positive" symptom of schizophrenia?

a.   lack of energy
b.   hallucinations
c.   poverty of speech
d.   inappropriate affect

Which drug is the most used and abused sedative-hypnotic?

a.   caffeine
b.   nicotine
c.   alcohol
d.   cocaine

Which is a characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome?

a.   small head circumference
b.   mental retardation
c.   hyperactivity in childhood
d.   all of the above

Which is the active ingredient in cannabinoids?

a.   THC
b.   MPP
c.   PCP
d.   none of the above

Ritalin is the drug of choice for treating which childhood disorder?

a.   autism
b.   attention deficit disorder
c.   mental retardation
d.   Parkinson's Disease

In the movie, "The Frozen Addict", the symptoms of the cocaine users were very similar to what disease?

a.   Schizophrenia
b.   Alzheimer's
c.   Parkinson's
d.   Depression

Which of the following is responsible for the fastest way to metabolize or excrete alcohol?

a.   Liver
b.   Urine
c.   Lungs
d.   kidneys

What drug or category of drugs is LEAST affected by the user's set?

a.   Antidepressants
b.   Hallucinogens
c.   Cannibinoids
d.   Alcohol

What drug or category of drug is MOST afected by the user's set?

a.   antidepressants
b.   antipsychotics
c.   cannibinoids
d.   alcohol

What drug or category of drug is MOST afected by the user's set?

a.   antidepressants
b.   antipsychotics
c.   cannibinoids
d.   alcohol

The most commonly used drug is:

a.   alcohol
b.   caffeine
c.   nicotine
d.   marijuana

If an alcoholic beverage has a 40% alcohol concentration, this beverage is _______ proof.

a.   40
b.   80
c.   20
d.   400

What does the brain need to fuction normally?

a.   oxygen
b.   glucose
c.   thiamine
d.   all of the above

What is the name of the first benzodiazepine?

a.   diazepam
b.
c.
d.

What is the name of the first benzodiazepine?

a.   diazepam
b.   chlordiazepoxide
c.   oxazepam
d.   prazepam

Which anxiety disorder(s) is treated with anxioytics?

a.   phobias
b.   pain disorder
c.   generalized anxiety disorder
d.   A & C

Which anxiety disorder is treated with anxiolytics?

a.   phobias
b.   pain disorder
c.   generalized anxiety disorder
d.   A and C

Caffeine is a:

a.   sympathomimetic
b.   parasympathomimetic
c.   psychostimulant
d.   A and C

What is the name of the newest of the potent psychostimulants to be introduced into the U.S.?

a.   crack cocaine
b.   methamphetamine
c.   methcathinone
d.   heroin

What is the major goal of treatment for cocaine addicts?

a.   quit taking drug
b.   help person cope with addiction
c.   keep addict out of jail
d.   preventing relapse

What is strychnine?

a.   a poison to kill rodents
b.   convulsants
c.   psychostimulant
d.   psychedelic

Antidepressants are:

a.   decrease attention
b.   increase attention
c.   relieve fatigue
d.   B a C

What does "proof" found on alcoholic products mean?

a.   Double Actual % of water.
b.   Double Actual level of seretonin.
c.   Double Actual % of Ethanol.
d.   Triple Actual % of Ethanol.

Which of the following are not characteristics of (FAS) or Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

a.   small head circumference
b.   cleft palate
c.   mild to moderate mental retardation
d.   none of the above

Which of the following are characterized as Psychostimulants?

a.   Caffeine
b.   Cocaine
c.   Amphetamines
d.   all of the above

Which of the following occurs due to cocaine use?

a.   Increases physical growth
b.   Dopamine re-uptake inhibition
c.   Delirium Tremens (DTs)
d.   decrease in testosterone

Which of the following is not an Opioid Receptor?

a.   Alpha
b.   Delta
c.   Mu
d.   Kappa

Which of the following is not a symptom of depression?

a.   loss of appetite & weight
b.   insomnia/ early morning awakening
c.   suicidal feelings
d.   hallucinations

Which of the following is a characteristic of mental retardation?

a.   ACT score of 36
b.   Child with an IQ of 140
c.   Child with an IQ less than 75
d.   SAT score of 1600

What is Tourette's Syndrome?

a.   Inability to think
b.   Inability to suppress unwanted motor activities
c.   uncontrollable body movements and use of language
d.   both b & c

Which is NOT an opioid receptor?

a.   Mu receptor
b.   Delta receptor
c.   Kappa receptor
d.   Alpha receptor

Which is not a negative effect of Schizophrenia?

a.   lack of energy
b.   hallucinations
c.   inability to experience pleasure
d.   poverty of speech

Which is NOT a negative effect of Schizophrenia?

a.   lack of energy
b.   hallucinations
c.   inability to experience pleasure
d.   poverty of speech

Which of the following is an antipsychotic?

a.   Prozac
b.   Lithium
c.   Chlorpromazine
d.   MAOI

                                       SUMMER, 2000 MIDTERM QUESTIONS
 
 

Which drug is often associated with pharmacological revolution?

a.   LSD
b.   Tofranil
c.   Chloropromazine
d.   PCP

Which phase is associated with the efficacy of drugs?

a.   I
b.   II
c.   III
d.   IV

Which ion is responsible for the release of neurotransmitters?

a.   Cl
b.   Na
c.   Ca
d.   K

Which is the major excitatory neurotransmitter?

a.   Dopamine
b.   Serotonin
c.   GABA
d.   Glutamate

What is the only area in the brain that gives rise to new brain cells?

a.   hippocampus
b.   medulla
c.   cerebellum
d.   basal ganglia

A certain benzodiazepine has a half-life of six hours. How much of the drug is left 24 hours after administration? (Say that the drug has rapid onset)

a.   1/2
b.
c.
d.

A certain benzodiazepine has a half-life of six hours. How much of the drug is left 24 hours after administration? (Say that the drug has rapid onset)

a.   1/2
b.   1/4
c.   1/8
d.   1/16

A drug's effects are enhanced due to accumulation from previous drug exposure. This principle is called:

a.   tolerance
b.   absorption
c.   sensitization
d.   addition

Arrange these routes of administration in order of slow onset to rapid onset. 

(intramuscular=i.m., intraperitoneal=i.p., intravenous=i.v., oral absorption=p.o.)

a.   i.m., i.p., i.v., p.o.
b.   p.o., i.m., i.p., i.v.
c.   i.p., i.m., p.o., i.v.
d.   i.v., i.p., i.m., p.o.

A decrease in membrane potential and a decrease in negative value inside a cell is called:

a.   hyperpolarization
b.   all-or-none response
c.   depolarization
d.   both a and c

A dependent drug user is being treated by being surrounded with drug associated materials and injected with saline opposed to a drug. Since there is no positive reinforcement this will occur:

a.   extinction
b.   potentiation
c.   tolerance
d.   dependence

how strong is vicadin

a.
b.
c.
d.

Which of the following is not a side effect seen with ampethamines?

a.   increase in blood pressure
b.   increase in muscle tension
c.   increase in weight
d.   dry mouth

Which of the following are medial uses for ampethamines?

a.   narcalepsy
b.   alcoholism
c.   ADD
d.   both a and c

Which is term is mismatched with its definition?

a.   catatonic - increase in activity
b.   paranoid - systemic delusions
c.   residual - loose associations
d.   undifferentiated - hallucinations & delusions

What is the number one problem associated with the administration of antipsychotic drugs?

a.   low therapeutic ratios
b.   the medications are too expensive to use for any other reason but research
c.   compliance
d.   patients get euphoria reaction

Which of the following classes are mismatched with their example?

a.   cannabinoids - marijuana
b.   anticholinergics - Ecstasy
c.   monoamine-related substances - LSD
d.   dissociative anesthetics - PCP

LSD resembles which of the following neurotransmitters?

a.   serotonin
b.   dopamine
c.   epinephrine
d.   norepinephrine

Of the monoamines which one is an indoleamine?

a.   epinephrine
b.   serotonin
c.   norepinephrine
d.   dopamine

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following except:

a.   alogia
b.   loss of initiative
c.   lack of pleasure
d.   hallucinations

Which drug was NOT banned by the Harrison Act of 1914?

a.   opium
b.   morphine
c.   heroin
d.   cocaine

THC is the active ingredient in:

a.   antipsychotic drugs
b.   methylxanthines
c.   cannabis
d.   opiates

Methylxanthines mainly effect which type of receptor?

a.   serotonin
b.   dopamine
c.   adenosine
d.   mu

What is the most widely used/abused Illicit drug?
A.marijuana
B.cocaine
C.alcohol
D.heroine

***Answer is B.Cocaine

Which group of drugs are NEVER abused?
A.Antipsychotic
B.Psychostimulants
C.Nicotine
D.Opiates 

***The answer is A.Antipsychotics

a.
b.
c.
d.

Which group of drugs are NEVER abused?

a.   A.Antipsychotic
b.   B.Psychostimulants
c.   C.Nicotine
d.   D.Opiates

All of the following except _______ are psychological symptoms of depression.

a.   Anhedonia
b.   suicidal
c.   feelings of guilt
d.   insomnia

a.
b.
c.
d.

a.
b.
c.
d.

All of the following are evidence FOR a momoamine hypothesis of depression except ___________.

a.   catecholamines involved in reward
b.   monoamine antagonist results in depression
c.   contrary array of findings in studies of seratonin receptors
d.   antidepressants are effective treatment

What is hysteroid dysphoria?

a.   atypical depression characterized by overeating
b.   atypical depression characterized by overt concern for one's physical appearance
c.   both a and d
d.   none of the above

Nesbitt's Paradox refers to what effect(s) of Nicotine?

a.   Subjective relaxation
b.   Reinforcing effects and Dopamine release
c.   CNS arousal and Epinephrine release
d.   Both a & c

The psychological tool theory on nicotine addiction says that:

a.   the smoker is trying to attain a sudden high level of nicotine in the brain.
b.   the pattern of smoking is more important than the concentration of nicotine in the cigarette.
c.   the smoker is attempting to reach an optimal level of arousal.
d.   All of the above.

Amphetamines are concentrated in each of the following except:

a.   the brain
b.   the liver
c.   the spleen
d.   the kidneys

Which of the following is not associated with amphetamines?

a.   Increased catecholamine release.
b.   Decreased dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens.
c.   Inhibition of catecholamine reuptake.
d.   Increased dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens.

All of the following are brain receptor sites for opiates except:

a.   the basal ganglia
b.   the nucleus accumbens
c.   the midbrain
d.   the amygdala

All of the following are types of depression except:

a.   Reactive
b.   Exogenous
c.   Drug Abuse
d.   Endogenous

Hyperpolarization is defined as which of the following:

a.   an increase in membrane potential (more negative) in which the neuron is less likely to fire
b.   an increase in membrane potential (more negative) in which the neuron is more lkely to fire
c.   a decrease in membrane potential (less negative) in which the neuron is less likely to fire
d.   a decrease in membrane potential (less negative) in which the neuron is more likely to fire

Which of the following is the correct order for the time course 
for blood level of a drug based on the route of administration?

a.   I.V., I.M., P.O., I.P.
b.   I.V., I.P., I.M., P.O.
c.   P.O., I.M., I.P., I.V.
d.   I.P., I.M., I.V., P.O.

Which of the following are true regarding the pharmacodynamics of 
alcohol?

a.   The neural membrane becomes more fluid and prevents the passage of Na & K ions across the membrane
b.   The membrane becomes more rigid and consequently inhibits the passage of Na & K ions across the membrane
c.   Enhancement of GABA which hyperpolarizes teh membrane due to a Cl influx
d.   both a & c

Which of the following is NOT part of the basic structure of a neuron?

a.   Axon Hillock
b.   Saltatory Fissure
c.   Myelin Sheath
d.   Dendrites

Which is the correct pathway for the manufacture of Catecholamines?

a.   Tyrosine -> L-Dopa -> Dopamine -> Norepinephrine -> Epinephrine
b.   Epinphrine -> Norepinephrine -> Dopamine -> L-Dopa -> Tyrosine
c.   Tyrosine -> Dopamine -> L-Dopa -> Epinephrine -> Norepinephrine
d.   Epinephrine -> Dopamine -> L-Dopa -> Norepinephrine -> Tyrosine

Alcohol is classified as what type of drug?

a.   Anxiolytic
b.   Sedative-hypnotic
c.   Hallucinogenic
d.   Anti-depressant

How a person will react to a drug depends on:

a.   Dose
b.   Body chemistry
c.   Duration
d.   All of the above

What is the number of created drugs that actually make it to the market?

a.   1 in 1,000
b.   Body chemistry
c.   Duration
d.   All of the above

What is the number of created drugs that actually make it to the market?

a.   1 in 1,000
b.   1 in 5,000
c.   1 in 10,000
d.   1 in 50,000

A drug can be best defined as:

a.   A non-food chemical that alters one or more biological processes in living organisms
b.   An illegal substance that people use for recreation
c.   A chemical that affects biological processes
d.   A substance given by a medical professional to treat a disease

The half-life of Drug X is 4 hours. If 30 mg of this drug were taken at 1pm, how much of it is left in the body at 9pm on the same day?

a.   0 mg
b.   7.5 mg
c.   15 mg
d.   30 mg

What effect(s) does the release of Ach have in the parasympathetic nervous system?

a.   Inhibition of heart rate.
b.   inhibition of blood pressure.
c.   Elevation of blood pressure.
d.   Both a & b.