A medieval manor ca. 1200 (according to Lerner, Meacham, and Burns)
Marc Bloch, Feudal Society
The men of the two feudal ages were close to nature than we are,
and nature as they knew it was much less tamed and softened than we see
it today. The rural landscape, of which wilderness formed so large
a part, bore few traces of human influence. The wild animals that
now haunt only our nursery tales--bears, and above all, wolves--prowled
in every wilderness, and even amongst the cultivated fields. So much
was this the case that the sport of hunting was indispensable to ordinary
security, and almost equally so as a method of supplementing the food supply.
People continued to pick wild fruit and to gather honey as in the first
ages of mankind. . . the nights, owing to the wretched lighting, were darker;
the cold, even in the living quarters of the castles, was more intense.
In short, behind all social life there was a background of the primitive,
of submission to uncontrollable forces, of unrelieved physical contrasts.
There is no means of measuring the influence which such a environment was
capable of exerting on the minds of men, but it could hardly have failed
to contribute to their uncouthness.