Introduction: The tenor of life in the ninth century
    a) Manorialism: economic ties between lords and peasants
    b) feudalism: political ties between lords and other lords
I: Manorialism: Economic organization
    a) setting
    b) institutions: vicus, mansus, villa
II: Feudalism
    a) Origins in insecurity
    b) institutions: vassalage and the fief (beneficium)
Conclusion
 MARC BLOCH
MANORIALISM
FEUDALISM:
DOMAIN
 VASSALAGE
BENEFICIUM
FIEF
POLYPTIQUES
VICUS
VILLA
MANSUS
RESERVE
CORVEE

A medieval manor ca. 1200 (according to Lerner, Meacham, and Burns)

Marc Bloch, Feudal Society
 The men of the two feudal ages were close to nature than we are, and nature as they knew it was much less tamed and softened than we see it today.  The rural landscape, of which wilderness formed so large a part, bore few traces of human influence.  The wild animals that now haunt only our nursery tales--bears, and above all, wolves--prowled in every wilderness, and even amongst the cultivated fields.  So much was this the case that the sport of hunting was indispensable to ordinary security, and almost equally so as a method of supplementing the food supply.  People continued to pick wild fruit and to gather honey as in the first ages of mankind. . . the nights, owing to the wretched lighting, were darker; the cold, even in the living quarters of the castles, was more intense.  In short, behind all social life there was a background of the primitive, of submission to uncontrollable forces, of unrelieved physical contrasts.  There is no means of measuring the influence which such a environment was capable of exerting on the minds of men, but it could hardly have failed to contribute to their uncouthness.