Use these charts to show the differences and similarities across the various conjugations in the indicative mood.
Notice the differences in the vowels that precede the regular personal endings.
|
Conjugation |
1st singular |
2d singular |
3d singular |
1st plural |
2d plural |
3d plural |
Imp. vowel/ |
|
I |
you (singular) |
he / she / it |
We |
you (plural) |
they |
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I |
am-Ô |
am-ĀS |
am-AT |
am-ÂMUS |
am-ÂTIS |
am-ANT |
-A- / -ANT |
|
II |
mon-EÔ |
mon-ÊS |
mon-ET |
mon-ÊMUS |
mon-ÊTIS |
mon-ENT |
-E- / -ENT |
|
III |
reg-Ô |
reg-IS |
reg-IT |
rég-IMUS |
rég-ITIS |
reg-UNT |
-I- / -UNT |
|
IV |
aud-IÔ |
aud-ÎS |
aud-IT |
aud-ÎMUS |
aud-ÎTIS |
aud-IUNT |
-I- / -IUNT |
|
III-io |
cap-IÔ |
cap-IS |
cap-IT |
cáp-IMUS |
cáp-ITIS |
cap-IUNT |
-I- / -IUNT |
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Nota Bene: Verbs ending in -EO tend to be SECOND conjugation. Verbs ending in -IO tend to be THIRD-IO or FOURTH conjugation.
Notice the differences in the vowels that precede the tense sign -BA-.
|
Conjugation |
1st singular |
2d singular |
3d singular |
1st plural |
2d plural |
3d plural |
|
I |
you (singular) |
he / she / it |
We |
you (plural) |
they |
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I |
am-Â-BA-M |
am-Â-BÂS |
am-Â-BA-T |
am-Â-BÂ-MUS |
am-Â-BÂTIS |
am-Â-BANT |
|
II |
mon-Ê-BA-M |
mon-Ê-BÂS |
mon-Ê-BA-T |
mon-Ê-BÂ-MUS |
mon-Ê-BÂ-TIS |
mon-Ê-BA-NT |
|
III |
reg-Ê-BA-M |
reg-Ê-BÂS |
reg-Ê-BA-T |
rég-Ê-BÂ-MUS |
rég-Ê-BÂ-TIS |
reg-Ê-BA-NT |
|
IV |
aud-IÊ-BA-M |
aud-IÊ-BÂS |
aud-IÊ-BA-T |
aud-IÊ-BÂ-MUS |
aud-IÊ-BÂ-TIS |
aud-IÊ-BANT |
|
III-io |
cap-IÊ-BA-M |
cap-IÊ-BÂS |
cap-IÊ-BA-T |
cáp-IÊ-BÂ-MUS |
cáp-IÊ-BÂ-TIS |
cap-IÊ-BA-NT |
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Nota Bene:
ALL CONJUGATIONS have -BA- preceded by a long vowel.
FIRST CONJUGATION verbs have -Â- before the -BA-.
SECOND and THIRD CONJUGATION verbs have -Ê- before the -BA-.
THIRD-IO and FOURTH CONJUGATION verbs have -IÊ- before the -BA-.
Notice the differences in the syllables signifying the future tense: -BO / -BI- / -BU- for I and II and -A- / -E- for the other conjugations.
|
Conjugation |
1st singular |
2d singular |
3d singular |
1st plural |
2d plural |
3d plural |
|
I |
you (singular) |
he / she / it |
We |
you (plural) |
they |
|
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|
I |
am-Â-B-Ô |
am-Â-BI-S |
am-Â-BI-T |
am-Â-BI-MUS |
am-Â-BITIS |
am-Â-BU-NT |
|
II |
mon-Ê-B-Ô |
mon-Ê-BI-S |
mon-Ê-BI-T |
mon-Ê-BI-MUS |
mon-Ê-BI-TIS |
mon-Ê-BU-NT |
|
III |
reg-A-M |
reg-Ê-S |
reg-E-T |
reg-Ê-MUS |
reg-Ê-TIS |
reg-E-NT |
|
IV |
aud-IA-M |
aud-IÊ-S |
aud-IE-T |
aud-IÊ-MUS |
aud-IÊ-TIS |
aud-IE-NT |
|
III-io |
cap-IA-M |
cap-IÊ-S |
cap-IE-T |
cap-IÊ-MUS |
cap-IÊ-TIS |
cáp-IE--NT |
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Nota Bene:
FIRST and SECOND CONJUGATION verbs have a -B- to begin the tense signifier.
THIRD,THIRD-IO, and FOURTH CONJUGATION verbs have -AM or -IAM in the first person singular.
THIRD CONJUGATION verbs have -Ê- or -E- before other personal ending.
THIRD-IO and FOURTH CONJUGATION verbshave -IÊ- or -IE- before other other personal ending.
|
Conjugation |
1st singular |
2d singular |
3d singular |
1st plural |
2d plural |
3d plural |
|
I |
you (singular) |
he / she / it |
We |
you (plural) |
they |
|
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I |
amâv-Î |
amâv-ISTÎ |
amâv-IT |
amâv-IMUS |
amâv-ISTIS |
amâv-ÊRUNT |
|
II |
mónu-Î |
monu-ISTÎ |
mónu-IT |
monú-IMUS |
monu-ISTIS |
monu-ÊRUNT |
|
III |
rêx-Î |
rêx-ISTÎ |
rêx-IT |
réx-IMUS |
rêx-ISTIS |
rêx-ÊRUNT |
|
IV |
audîv-Î |
audîv-ISTÎ |
audîv-IT |
audîv-IMUS |
audîv-ISTIS |
audîv-ÊRUNT |
|
III-io |
cêp-Î |
cêp-ISTÎ |
cêp-IT |
cêp-IMUS |
cêp-ISTIS |
cêp-ÊRUNT |
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Nota Bene: All Conjugations add the same endings to the perfect stem ( taken from the 3d principal part of the verb, usually the third part without the final -î).
Notice the similarities across all the conjugations.
|
Conjugation |
1st singular |
2d singular |
3d singular |
1st plural |
2d plural |
3d plural |
|
I |
you (singular) |
he / she / it |
We |
you (plural) |
they |
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I |
amâv-ERA -M |
amâv-ERÂ -S |
amâv-ERA -T |
amâv-ERÂ -MUS |
amâv-ERÂ-TIS |
amâv-ERA-NT |
|
II |
monú-ERA -M |
monú-ERÂ -S |
monú-ERA -T |
monu-ERÂ -MUS |
monu-ERÂ-TIS |
monú-ERA-NT |
|
III |
réx-ERA -M |
réx-ERÂ -S |
réx-ERA -T |
rêx-ERÂ -MUS |
rêx-ERÂ-TIS |
rêx-ERA-NT |
|
IV |
audîv-ERA -M |
audîv-ERÂ -S |
audîv-ERA -T |
audîv-ERÂ -MUS |
audîv-ERÂ-TIS |
audîv-ERA-NT |
|
III-io |
cêp-ERA -M |
cêp-ERÂ -S |
cêp-ERA -T |
cêp-ERÂ -MUS |
cêp-ERÂ-TIS |
cêp-ERA-NT |
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Nota Bene: All Conjugations add the regular endings to the same pluperfect signifier -ERA- , which attaches to the perfect stem.
Notice the similarities across all the conjugations.
|
Conjugation |
1st singular |
2d singular |
3d singular |
1st plural |
2d plural |
3d plural |
|
I |
you (singular) |
he / she / it |
We |
you (plural) |
they |
|
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I |
amâv-ER -Ô |
amâv-ERI -S |
amâv-ERI -T |
amâv-ÉRI -MUS |
amâv-ÉRI -TIS |
amâv-ERI-NT |
|
II |
monú-ER -Ô |
monú-ERI -S |
monú-ERI -T |
monu-ÉRI -MUS |
monu-ÉRI -TIS |
monú-ERI-NT |
|
III |
rêx-ER -Ô |
rêx-ERI -S |
rêx-ERI -T |
rêx-ÉRI -MUS |
rêx-ÉRI -TIS |
rêx-ERI-NT |
|
IV |
audîv-ER -Ô |
audîv-ERI -S |
audîv-ERI -T |
audîv-ÉRI -MUS |
audîv-ÉRI -TIS |
audîv-ERI-NT |
|
III-io |
cêp-ER -Ô |
cêp-ERI -S |
cêp-ERI -T |
cêp-ÉRI -MUS |
cêp-ÉRI -TIS |
cêp-ERI-NT |
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Nota Bene: All Conjugations add the regular endings to the same future perfect signifier, -ERI- , which attaches to the perfect stem, except for the first person singular, which ends in -ERO.
Present Perfect / Past Perfect / Future Perfect Indicative Passives |
| Conjugation |
Present Perfect (I HAVE BEEN LOVED, WARNED, RULED, HEARD, TAKEN") |
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I |
amâtus sum |
amâtus es |
amâtus est |
amâtî sumus |
amâtî estis |
amâtî sunt |
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II |
mónitus sum |
mónitus es |
mónitus est |
mónitî sumus |
mónitî estis |
mónitî sunt |
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III |
rêctus sum |
rêctus es |
rêctus est |
rêctî sumus |
rêctî estis |
rêctî sunt |
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IV |
audîtus sum |
audîtus es |
audîtus est |
audîtî sumus |
audîtî estis |
audîtî sunt |
III-io |
captus sum |
captus es |
captus est |
captî sumus |
captî estis |
captî sunt |
| Conjugation |
Past Perfect ("I HAD BEEN LOVED, WARNED, etc...") |
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I |
amâtus eram |
amâtus erâs |
amâtus erat |
amâtî erâmus |
amâtî erâtis |
amâtî erant |
|
II |
mónitus eram |
mónitus erâs |
mónitus erat |
mónitî erâmus |
mónitî erâtis |
mónitî erant |
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III |
rêctus eram |
rêctus erâs |
rêctus erat |
rêctî erâmus |
rêctî erâtis |
rêctî erant |
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IV |
audîtus eram |
audîtus erâs |
audîtus erat |
audîtî erâmus |
audîtî erâtis |
audîtî erant |
|
III-io |
captus eram |
captus erâs |
captus erat |
captî erâmus |
captî erâtis |
captî erant |
| Conjugation | FUTURE PERFECT ("I WILL HAVE BEEN LOVED, WARNED, etc...") | |||||
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I |
amâtus erô |
amâtus eris |
amâtus erit |
amâtî érimus |
amâtî éritis |
amâtî erunt |
|
II |
mónitus erô |
mónitus eris |
mónitus erit |
mónitî érimus |
mónitî éritis |
mónitî erunt |
|
III |
rêctus erô |
rêctus eris |
rêctus erit |
rêctî érimus |
rêctî éritis |
rêctî erunt |
|
IV |
audîtus erô |
audîtus eris |
audîtus erit |
audîtî érimus |
audîtî éritis |
audîtî erunt |
|
III-io |
captus erô |
captus eris |
captus erit |
captî érimus |
captî éritis |
captî erunt |
Nota Bene: The ending of the past participle by itself declines in all genders and cases, exactly like bonus -a -um. In these perfect passive verb forms it will typically be nominative singular or plural in each of the genders.
All conjugations form the passive perfect tenses by taking the perfect participle ( = the fourth principal part) and adding various forms for the verb to be.
