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Tenses |
Rules for Forming the Actives |
Actives |
Passives |
Rules for Forming the Passives |
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Present |
- Take the typical present indicative active root.
- Change stem to -E-/-EA-/-A-/-IA-, depending on the conjugation.
- Add the regular active personal endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
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I: laudem
II: moneam
III: dûcam
IV: audiam
III-io: capiam |
lauder
monear
dûcar
audiar
capiar
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- Change the active personal endings to the passive personal endings
(-r, -ris/-re, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur).
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Imperfect |
- Take the present active infinitive (second part fo the verb).
- Add the regular active personal endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
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I: laudârem
II: monêrem
III: dûcerem
IV: audîrem
III-io: caperem |
laudârer
monêrer
dûcerer
audîrer
caperer
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- Change the active personal endings to the passive personal endings
(-r, -ris/ -re, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur).
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Perfect |
- Take the perfect stem from the third part of the verb.
- Add -ERI-.
- Add the regular active personal ending (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
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I: laudaverim
II: monuerim
III: dûxerim
IV: audîverim
III-io: cêperim |
laudâtus sim
monitus sim
ductus sim
audîtus sim
captus sim
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- Use the past participle, the fourth part of the verb.
- Add the present subjunctive of sum.
( = sim, etc.).
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Pluperfect |
- Take the perfect active infinitive (ending in -isse).
- Add the regular active personal endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
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I: laudavissem
II: monuissem
III: dûxissem
IV: audîvissem
III-io: cêpissem |
laudâtus essem
monitus essem
ductus essem
audîtus essem
captus essem
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- Use the past participle, the fourth part of the verb.
- Add the imperfect subjunctive of sum
( = essem, etc.).
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