Reference Sources || PsycINFO || Health and Psychosocial Instruments (HaPI) || CINAHL
MERLIN Catalog || Other Books and Journals || Internet Resources || About Instruments on the Web
Test-Related Companies || Access & Use Issues
 

Overview || Business || Communication || Counseling || Criminal Justice || Education
Gender || General/Multidisciplinary || Health || Nursing || Psychology || Religion

Note: The Web site, Tests and Measures in the Social Sciences: Tests available in compilation volumes (libraries.uta.edu/helen/Test&meas/testmainframe.htm), compiled by H. Hough (U of Texas at Arlington), contains lists of instruments included in some of the following reference publications. This resource guide indicates the availability of such a list by the appearance of the statement Note: List of instruments included (Hough) following the book citation.
 
 

Fernandez-Ballesteros, R. (Ed.). (2003). Encyclopedia of psychological assessment (Vols.1-2). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Bearden, W. O., & Netemeyer, R. G. (1999). Handbook of marketing scales: Multi-item measures for marketing and consumer behavior research (2^nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, T, V]
        Ref. HF 5415.3 .B323 1999
Note 1: The 1^st edition (1993) is shelved at Ref. HF 5415.3 .B323 1993.
Note 2: List of instruments included (Hough)--for both editions.

Bruner, G. C., & Hensel, P. J. (1992). Marketing scales handbook: A compilation of multi-measures (Vols. 1-3). Chicago: American Marketing Association.
            [Key: D, R, T, V]
        Ref. HF 5415.3 .B785 1992
Note: List of instruments included (Hough)

Price, J. L. (1997). Handbook of organizational measurement. Bradford, England; Birmingham, AL: MCB Publications.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. HM 131 .P728 1997
Note 1: Published as International Journal of Manpower, 18(4-6), 305-558. List of instruments included (Hough)
Note 2: The 1986 edition is shelved at HM 131 .P728 1986. List of instruments included (Hough)

Communication

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (1995). Directory of speech-language pathology assessment instruments. Rockville, MD: American-Speech Language-Hearing Association.
            [Key: P, S]
        Ref. RC 423 .D57 1995

Harris, L. G., & Shelton, I.S. (1996). Desk reference of assessment instruments in speech and language (Rev. ed.). San Antonio, TX: Communication Skill Builders.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, V]
        Ref. RC 423 .H338 1996

Rubin, R. B., Palmgreen, P., & Sypher, H. E. (Eds.). (1994). Communication research measures: A sourcebook. New York: Guilford.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, T, V]
        Ref. P 91.3 .C62 1994
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Counseling

Fredman, N., & Sherman, R. (1987). Handbook of measurements for marriage and family therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
            [Key: F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. RC 488.5 .F73 1987
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Grotevant, H. D., & Carlson, C. I. (1989). Family assessment: A guide to methods and measures. New York: Guilford.
            [Key: F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. HQ 518 .G75 1989

Straus, M. A. (1969). Family measurement techniques: Abstracts of published instruments, 1935-1965. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
            [Key: F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. HQ 728 .S86

Touliatos, J., Perlmutter, B. F., Straus, M. A., & Holden, G. W. (Eds.). (2001). Handbook of family measurement techniques (Vols. 1-3). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. HQ 728 .T68 2001 Vols. 1-3
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Criminal Justice

Brodsky, S. L., & Smitherman, H. O. (1983). Handbook of scales for research in crime and delinquency. New York: Plenum.
            [Key: D, F, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. HV 9274 .B76 1983
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Education

Bishop, L., & Lester, P. E. (1993). Instrumentation in education: An anthology. New York: Garland.
            [Key: F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. BF 39 .B57 1993

Compton, C. (1996). A guide to 100 tests for special education. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Globe Fearon.
            [Key: P, R, S, V]
        Ref. LB 1131 .C5416 1996

Mauser, A. J. (1981). Assessing the learning disabled: Selected instruments: Diagnostician's handbook (3^rd ed.). Novato, CA: Academic Therapy Publications.
            [Key: P, S]
        Ref. LC 4704 .M38 1981

Gender

Beere, C. A. (1990). Gender roles: A handbook of tests and measures. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. HM 253 .B43 1990

Beere, C. A. (1990). Sex and gender issues: A handbook of tests and measures. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
            [Key: D, R, V, P, R, S, T]
        Ref. BF 692 .B38 1990

Beere, C. A. (1979). Women and women's issues: A handbook of tests and measures. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
            [Key: D, F, P, R S, T, V]
        Ref. HQ 1180 .B43

Davis, C. M., Yarber, W. L. Bauserman, R., Scheer, G., & Davis, S. L. (1997). Handbook of sexuality-related measures. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. HQ 60 .H36 1998
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

General/Multidisciplinary

Educational Testing Service. ETS Test Collection Catalog. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press.
            [Key: P, S]
        Ref. LB 3051 .E14 (At Reference Desk)
        Vol. 1: Achievement Tests and Measurement Devices
        Vol. 2: Vocational Tests and Measurement Devices
        Vol. 3: Tests for Special Populations
        Vol. 4: Cognitive Aptitude and Intelligence Tests
        Vol. 5: Attitude Tests
        Vol. 6: Affective Measures and Personality Tests
Note: These catalogs describe the instruments housed in the ETS library.

Hammill, D. D., Brown, L., & Bryant, B. R. (1994). A consumer's guide to tests in print (2^nd ed.). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
            [Key: P]
        Ref. LB 3060.32 .N67 H36 1992

Keyser, D. J., & Sweetland, R. C. (Eds.). (1984- ). Test critiques. Kansas City, MO: Test Corporation of America.
            [Key: D, F, P]
        Ref. BF 176 .T418
Note 1: Title currently consists of Vols.I-X.
Note 2: In 1987, Keyser & Sweetland published Test Critiques Compendium: Reviews of Major Tests from the Test Critiques Series (Ref. BF 176 .T4195 1987). In a note at the beginning of this volume, the editors state that reviews published prior to 1987 in Vols.I-IV of the main set may have been updated in the Compendium.

Lester, P. E., & Bishop, L. K. (2000). Handbook of tests and measurement in education and the social sciences (2^nd ed.). Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press/Technomic Books.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. LB 3051 .L4543 2000
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Maddox, T. (Ed.). (2003). Tests: A comprehensive reference for assessments in psychology, education, and business (5^th ed.). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
            [Key: P, S]
        Ref. BF 176 .T43 2003
Note: See Sweetland, R. C., & Keyser, D. J. (Eds.). Tests: A comprehensive reference... for information regarding the first four editions. If you do not find your test listed in the most current edition, check earlier editions. The 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, and 5^th editions contain indexes to out-of-print tests.

Mental measurements yearbook. (Irregular). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, V]
        Current edition (15^th/2003) at Reference Desk
        Earlier editions: Ref. Z 5814 .P8 B932
Note 1: Each MMY edition consists only of commercial tests newly developed or substantially revised since the publication of the previous edition. Also located in the reference collection are Tests In Print [Ref. LB 3051 .T454]--TIP VI is the current edition--and other Buros Institute publications. For more information about these and related publications, see the Publications Catalog of the Buros Institute of Mental Measurements (www.unl.edu/buros/). The Catalog includes links to lists of the contents of the Yearbooks beginning with the 9^th edition.
Note 2: The Buros Institute offers MMY Test Reviews Online, a service that displays current test descriptions and reviews of the tests for $15 per test title (buros.unl.edu/buros/jsp/search.jsp).

Sweetland, R. C., & Keyser, D. J. (Eds.). (various). Tests: A comprehensive reference for assessments in psychology, education, and business. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
            [Key: P, S]
        Ref. BF 176 .T43 1983 (1^st edition)
        Ref. BF 176 .T43 1983 Suppl.
        Ref. BF 176 .T43 1986 (2^nd edition)
        Ref. BF 176 .T43 1991 (3^nd edition)
        Ref. BF 176 .T43 1997 (4^th edition); edited by Taddy Maddox
Note: If you do not find your test listed in the most current edition, check earlier editions. The 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, and 5^th editions contain indexes to out-of-print tests.

Health

American Psychiatric Association. Task Force for the Handbook of Psychiatric Measures. (2000). Handbook of psychiatric measures. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. RC 473 .P78 A46 2000 [Accompanying CD-ROM at Circulation Desk]
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Bowling, A. (2001). Measuring disease: A review of disease specific quality of life measurement scales (2^nd ed.). Buckingham, U.K.; Philadelphia: Open University Press.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. RA 407 .B68 2001

Bowling, A. (1997). Measuring health: A review of quality of life measurement scales (2^nd ed.). Buckingham, U.K.; Philadelphia: Open University Press.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. RA 407 .B69 1997

Frank-Stromborg, M. & Olsen, S. J. (Eds.). (1997). Instruments for clinical health-care research (2^nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
            [Key: D, F, R, S, V]
        Ref. RT 48 .I57 1997

McDowell, I., & Newell, C. (1996). Measuring health: A guide to rating scales and questionnaires (2^nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, T, V]
        Ref. RA 408.5 .M38 1996

Redman, B. K. (Ed.). (1998). Measurement tools in patient education. New York: Springer.
           [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. R 727.4 .M4 1998
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Redman, B. K. (2002). Measurement instruments in clinical ethics. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
           [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. R 725.5 .R43 2002

Salek, S. (1998). Compendium of quality of life instruments (Vols. 1-5). Chichester, England: Wiley.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. RA 407 .C65 1998 Vols. 1-5
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Nursing

Beaton, S. R., & Voge, S. A. (1998). Measurements for long-term care: A guidebook for nurses. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. RT 120 .L64 B43 1998

Waltz, C. F., & Jenkins, L. S. (Eds.). (2001). Measurement of nursing outcomes (2^nd ed.). New York: Springer.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. RT 85.5 .M434 2001 Vol. 1
Note 1: Vol. 1: Measuring nursing performance in practice, education, and research.
Note 2: List of instruments included (Hough).

Psychology

Chun, K-T., Cobb, S., & French, J. R. P., Jr. (1975). Measures for psychological assessment: A guide to 3,000 original sources and their applications. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.
            [Key: F]
        Ref. BF 698.5 .C45

Corcoran, K., & Fischer, J. (2000). Measures for clinical practice: A sourcebook (3^rd ed.) (Vols. 1-2). New York: Free Press.
            [Key: F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. BF 176 .C66 2000 Vols. 1-2
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Feindler, E. L., Rathus, J. H., & Silver, L. B. (2003). Assessment of family violence: A handbook for researchers and practitioners. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. HV 6626 .F45 2003

Goldman, B. A., & Saunders, J. L. (1974-2002). Directory of unpublished experimental mental measures (Vols.1-7). New York: Behavioral Publications
            [Key: F]
        Ref. BF 431 .G625 Vols. 1-8
Note: See: Jamison, M. (2001). Title index for the Directory of Unpublished Experimental Mental Measures: Volumes 1-7. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. (Ref. BF 431 .J29 2001)

Hersen, M., & Bellack, A. S. (Eds.). (1988). Dictionary of behavioral assessment techniques. New York: Pergamon.
            [Key: D, F, P, R]
        Ref. BF 176.5 .D53 1988

Janda, L. (2001). The psychologist's book of personality tests: 24 revealing tests to identify and overcome your personal barriers to a better life. New York: Wiley.
            [Key: D, F, S, T]
        Ref. BF 698.5 .J35 2001

Johnson, O. G., & Bommarito, J. W. (1971). Tests and measurements in child development: A handbook. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
            [Key: F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. BF 722 .J64
Note: Coverage is for instruments appearing in the literature between 1956-1965.

Johnson, O. G. (1976). Tests and measurements in child development: Handbook II. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
            [Key: F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. BF 722 .J643 Vols. 1-2
Note: Coverage is for instruments appearing in the literature between 1966-1974.

Newmark, C. S. (1996). Major psychological assessment instruments (2^nd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
           [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. BF 176 .M35 1996

Robinson, J. P., & Shaver, P. R. (1973). Measures of social psychological attitudes. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.
            [Key: F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. JA 74.5 .R6 1973
Note: This updates Measures of Political Attitudes (Ref. JA 74.5 .R6) and its appendices Measures of Occupational Attitudes and Occupational Characteristics (Ref. JA 74.5 .R6 Appx.A) (Note: List of instruments included (Hough) and Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes (Ref. JA 74.5 .R6 Appx.B).

Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (Eds.). (1991). Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
            [Key: D, F, R, V, T]
        Ref. BF 698.4 .M38 1990
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (Eds.). (1999). Measures of political attitudes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
            [Key: D, F, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. JA 74.5 .M44 1999
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Shaw, M. E., & Wright, J. M. (1967). Scales for the measurement of attitudes. New York: McGraw-Hill.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. BF 378 .A75 S45
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Spreen, O., & Strauss, E. (1998). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms and commentary (2^nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
            [Key: F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. RC 386.6 .N48 S67 1998

Zalaquett, C. P., & Wood, R. J. (Eds.). (1997). Evaluating stress: A book of resources. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. RC 455.4 .S87 E83 1997 Vol. 1

Religion

Hill, P. C., & Hood, R. W. (Eds.). (1999). Measures of religiosity. Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press.
            [Key: D, F, P, R, S, T, V]
        Ref. BR 100 .M43 1999
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

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The PsycINFO database, produced by the American Psychological Association (APA) and updated weekly, indexes the professional and academic literature of psychology and related disciplines. Its coverage is worldwide and includes references and abstracts of journals in 20+ languages, and books, book chapters, and disserations in English. The Pius Library subscription includes two components. The first is the contemporary PsycINFO database with coverage from 1967 to present, divided between two time periods: 1967 to present, and 1985 to present. The PsycINFO Quick Reference Guide is available in pdf format (www.slu.edu/colleges/AS/PSY/Library/Corner/Guides/PsycINFO.pdf). The second component is the Historic PsycINFO 1887-1966 database which consists of citations and abstracts from Psychological Abstracts (1927-1966), Psychological Bulletin (1921-1926), all journals published by the APA, and the American Journal of Psychology from the first issue.

PsycINFO contains a great deal of information about measurement and measurement instruments; searching for that information, however, can be quite a challenge. The contemporary PsycINFO database includes special features that facilitate such searches. For assistance with this process, consult Tips for Searching for Information on Tests and Measures in PsycINFO (Ovid-Web). This document is available in pdf format (www.slu.edu/colleges/AS/PSY/Library/Corner/Guides/TestTipsPsycINFO.pdf).

Note: Remote access to Web-based databases is restricted to current Saint Louis University (SLU) students, faculty, and staff. See Off-Campus Access to Subscription-Based Electronic Resources (www.slu.edu/libraries/pius/libinfo/offcamp.html) on the Pius Library Web site for access instructions.

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Pius Library subscribes to this database of information on measurement instruments worldwide, produced and distributed by Behavioral Measurement Database Services (BMDS). HaPI covers questionnaires, rating scales, interview forms, checklists, vignettes/scenarios, indexes, coding schemes, projective techniques, and tests. Subject headings are taken from both the APA's Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms and the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). HaPI is updated quarterly.

The information in HaPI's 105,000+ records is abstracted from major journals in communication, medicine, nursing, psychology, public health, social work, and sociology. HaPI also covers selected instruments from library and information science and organizational behavior. BMDS may be able to provide reasonably priced copies of unpublished instruments identified in database records. Availability statements can be found in relevant records. The HaPI Quick Reference Guide is available in pdf format (www.slu.edu/colleges/AS/PSY/Library/Corner/Guides/HaPIqrgOVID.pdf).

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Updated monthly, CINAHL indexes articles from over 1600 journals that cover nursing literature and allied health fields such as cardiopulmonary technology, health education, medical/laboratory, medical records, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and social service/health care. Abstracts are provided for over 1500 of these journals. Selected full text also is available. CINAHL includes selective indexing for journals in consumer health, biomedicine, and health sciences librarianship, as well as healthcare books, nursing dissertations, conference proceedings, professional standards, educational software and audiovisual materials.

To identify records of publications dealing with measurement tools, conduct your subject search, then "Limit" those search results by "Publication Types" to "Questionnaire" or "Research Instrument."
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

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Via the Internet, search the electronic catalogs of libraries worldwide, small and large--including those of major research institutions and national libraries--at no charge. The Pius Library Web site provides links to Other Libraries (www.slu.edu/libraries/pius/othlibs/othlibs.html). Furthermore, the WorldCat database, updated daily, may be used to search all types of library materials (except individual journal articles) dating from 1200 and cataloged by libraries that contribute their records to OCLC, the U.S. national database. Remote access to WorldCat is subject to the same restrictions as other commercial databases.

The MERLIN library catalog (libcat.slu.edu) consists of the holdings of the Saint Louis University and University of Missouri libraries. MERLIN is a component of MOBIUS, a consortium of about fifty academic libraries in Missouri (mobius.missouri.edu/) with its own catalog. To look for a book, begin the search in the SLU libraries files of MERLIN. If the book is unavailable at SLU, the search all MERLIN library collections. If the book is unavailable from any MERLIN library, search the MOBIUS Union Catalog. Finally, if the book is unavailable from both MERLIN and MOBIUS, place an Interlibrary Loan (ILL) request for it through the new ILLIAD system (hscilliad.slu.edu/illiad/XII/Logon.html). All requests for journal articles should be placed through ILL.

Consult the MERLIN catalog for additional resources about tests and measures in general, the issues of reliability and validity, test construction, test administration, and information about other instruments.

SELECTED LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SUBJECT HEADINGS (LCSH)

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Unless noted otherwise, the following publications are shelved in the general Pius Library collection on Levels 2-5. They are listed here to alert the researcher to the breadth and depth of measurement information available in the library. Older publications may be useful in tracing the development of an instrument over time. Still, care should be exercised when using older publications because instruments described in these sources may have been revised. Always attempt to identify the most current version of an instrument if the intent is to use it in research.

Business || Counseling || Education || General/Multidisciplinary
Health || Journals || Nursing || Psychology || Sociology

Note: The Web site, Tests and Measures in the Social Sciences: Tests available in compilation volumes (libraries.uta.edu/helen/Test&meas/testmainframe.htm), compiled by H. Hough (U of Texas at Arlington), contains lists of instruments included in some of the following publications. This resource guide indicates the availability of such a list by the appearance of the statement Note: List of instruments included (Hough) following the book citation.

Business

Burn, B., & Payment, M. (2000). Assessments A to Z: A collection of 50 questionnaires, instruments, and inventories. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
        HF 5549.5 .T7 B795 2000 [Accompanying CD-ROM at Circulation Desk]

Guion, R. M. (1998). Assessment, measurement, and prediction for personnel decisions. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
        HF 5549 .G794 1998

Hale, J. (2002). Performance-based evaluation: Tools and techniques to measure the impact of training. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
        HF 5549.4 .T7 H35 2002 [Accompanying CD-ROM at Circulation Desk]

Hill, N. (1996). Handbook of customer satisfaction measurement. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Gower.
        HF 5415.335 .H55 1996

Silberman, M. (Ed.). (2003). The consultant's big book of reproducible surveys and questionnaires: 50 instruments to helpyou assess clients' problems. New York: McGraw-Hill.
        HD 69 .C6 C6475 2003

Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, cause, and consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
        HF 5549.5 .J63 S635 1997

Counseling

L'Abate, L., & Bagarozzi, D. A. (1993). Sourcebook of marriage and family evaluation. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
        RC 488.53 .L33 1993

McCubbin, H. I., & Thompson, A. I. (Eds.). (1991). Family assessment inventories for research and practice (2^nd ed.). Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Family, Stress, Coping, and Health Project.
        HQ 728 .F295 1991

Watkins, C. E., & Campbell, V. L. (Eds.). (2000). Testing and assessment in counseling practice (2^nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
        BF 176 .T423 2000

Education

Goodwin, W. A., & Driscoll, L. A. (1980). Handbook for measurement and evaluation in early childhood: Issues, measures, and methods. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
        LB 1115 .G635

Samuda, R. J., Feuerstein, R., Kaufman, A. S., Lewis, J. E., & Sternberg, R. J. (1998). Advances in cross-cultural assessment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
        LB 3051 .A538 1998

General/Multidisciplinary

Aiken, L. R. (1996). Rating scales and checklists: Evaluating behavior, personality, and attitudes. New York: Wiley.
        BF 39 .A43 1996 [Accompanying disk at Circulation Desk]

Aiken, L. R. (1997). Questionnaires & inventories: Surveying opinions and assessing personality. New York: Wiley.
        BF 176 .A483 1997 [Accompanying disk at Circulation Desk]

Aiken, L. R. (1998). Tests and examinations: Measuring abilities and performance. New York: Wiley.
        BF 176 .A485 1998 [Accompanying disk at Circulation Desk]

American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (1999). Standards for educational and psychological testing (2^nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        LB 3051 .693 1999 (Copy 2 in Reference collection)
Note: See information (www.apa.org/science/standards.html) about the 1999 revision of this document.

Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7^th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
        BF 176 .A5 1997

Braun, H. I., Jackson, D. N., & Wiley, D. E. (Eds.). (2002). The role of constructs in psychological and educational measurement. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
        BF 176 .U64 2002

Dillon, R. F. (Ed.). (1997). Handbook on testing. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
        LB 3051 .H3199 1997

Grosh, M., & Glewwe, P. (Eds.). (2000). Designing household survey questionnaires for developing countries: Lessons from 15 years of the Living Standards Measurement Study (Vols. 1-3). Washington, DC: World Bank.
        HB 849.49 .D47 2000 Vols. 1-3 [Accompanying disk at Circulation Desk]

Haladyna, T. M. (1999). Developing and validating multiple-choice test items (2^nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
        LB 3060.32 .M85 H35 1999

Irvine, S. H., & Kyllonen, P. C. (2002). Item generation for test development. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
        LB 3060.65 .I834 2002

Kline, P. (1999). The handbook of psychological testing (2^nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
        BF 176 .K575 2000

Miller, D. C., & Salkind, N. J. (2002). Handbook of research design and social measurement (6^th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
        H 62 .M44 2002

Murphy, K. R., & Davidshofer, C. O. (2001). Psychological testing: Principles and applications (5^th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
        BF 176 .M87 2001

O'Brien, N. P. (Comp.). (1988). Test construction: A bibliography of selected resources. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
        LB 3060.8 .T47 1988

Sandoval, J., Frisby, C. L., Geisinger, K. F., Ramos-Grenier, J., & Scheuneman, J. D. (Eds). (1998). Test interpretation and diversity: Achieving equity in assessment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        LB 3060.8 .T47 1998

The survey kit (2^nd ed.) (Vols. 1-10). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
        HN 29 .S724 2003

Suzuki, L. A., Meller, P. J., & Ponterotto, J. G. (Eds.). (1996). Handbook of multicultural assessment: Clinical, psychological, and educational applications. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
        BF 176 .H36 1996

Taylor, R. L. (2000). Assessment of exceptional students: Educational and psychological procedures (5^th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
        LC 4031 .T36 2000

Webb, E. J., et al. (2000). Unobtrusive measures (rev. ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
        H 62 .N675 2000

Health

Aday, L. A. (1996). Designing and conducting health surveys: A comprehensive guide. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
        RA 40.5 .A33 1996

Allen, J. P., & Columbus, M. (Eds.). (1995). Assessing alcohol problems: A guide for clinicians and researchers (NIAAA Treatment Handbook Series 4). Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
        Govt Docs HE 20.8308/2:4
Note 1: Available online (www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/assinstr.htm).
Note 2: List of instruments included (Hough).

Andresen, E., Rothenberg, B., & Zimmer, J. G. (Eds). (1997). Assessing the health status of older adults. New York: Springer.
        RC 953 .A87 1997

Bech, P. (1993). Rating scales for psychopathology, health status and quality of life: A compendium on documentation in accordance with the DSM-II-R and WHO system. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag.
        RC 473 .P78 B43 1993

Cohen, S., Underwood, L. G., & Gottlieb, B. H. (Eds.). (2000). Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
        R 726.5 .S623 2000

Dittmar, S. S., & Gresham, G. E. (Eds.). (1997). Functional assessment and outcome measures for the rehabilitation health professional. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
        RM 930.8 .F85 1997

Drotar, D. (Ed.). (1998). Measuring health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: Implications for research and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
        RJ 380 .M4 1998

Farran, C. J., Herth, K. A., & Popovich, J. M. (1995). Hope and hopelessness: Critical clinical constructs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
        RT 86.3 .F37 1995

Fayers, P. M., & Machin, D. (2000). Quality of life: Assessment, analysis and interpretation. Chichester; New York: Wiley.
        HN 25 .F39 2000

Gallo, J. J., Reichel, W., Fulmer, T., & Paveza, G. J. (2000). Handbook of geriatric assessment (3^rd ed). Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
        RC 953 .G34 2000

Hyner, G. C., et al. (Eds.). (1999). SPM handbook of health assessment tools. Pittsburgh, PA: The Society of Prospective Medicine: The Institute for Health and Productivity Management.
        RA 407 .S66 1999

Lorig, K., Stewart, A., Ritter, P., Gonzalez, V., Laurent, D., & Lynch, J. (1996). Outcome measures for health education and other health care interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
        RA 440.5 .O94 1996

Nehemkis, A., Macari, M. A., & Lettieri, D. J. (Eds.). (1976). Drug abuse instrument handbook: Selected items for psychosocial drug research. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
        Govt Docs HE 20.8214:12
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Ogles, B. M., Lambert, M. J., & Masters, K. S. (1996). Assessing outcome in clinical practice. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
        RC 480.5 .O385 1996

Staquet, M. J., & Hays, R. D. (Eds.). (1998). Quality of life assessment in clinical trials: Methods and practice. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
        R 853 .C55 Q34 1998

Stewart, A. N., & Norman, G. R. (1992). Measuring functioning and well-being: The medical outcomes study approach. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
        RA 408.5 .M43 1992

Streiner, D. L., & Norman, G. R. (1995). Health measurement scales: A practical guide to their development and use (2^nd ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
        RA 408.5 .S77 1995

Strupp, H. H., Horowitz, L. M., & Lambert, M. J. (Eds.). (1997). Measuring patient changes in mood, anxiety, and personality disorders: Toward a core battery. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        RC 480.5 .M354 1997

Tuokko, H., & Hadjistavropoulos, T. (1998). An assessment guide to geriatric neuropsychology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
        RC 451.4 .T895 1998

Journals dealing with test theory and applications

Educational and Psychological Measurement
        BF 1 .E3
Pius has: v.1(1941)--
Microfilm: v.31(1971) Full-Text Online: v.59 (1999)-61(2001)

Journal of Applied Psychology
        BF 1 .J55
Pius has: v.1(1917)--51(1967), 53(1969), 56(1972)--
Microfilm: V.52(1968), 54(1970)-55(1971), 74(1989)

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
        BF 1 .J575
Pius has: v.32(1968)--

Journal of Educational Measurement
        LB 1131 .A1 N32
Pius has: v.20(1983)--30(1993), 31:2(1994)--

Journal of Educational Psychology
        L 11 .J8
Pius has: v.1(1910)-3(1912), 5(1914), 7(1916), 9(1918)-11(1920), 13(1922)-56(1965), 62(1971)--
Microfilm: v.1(1910)-13(1922), 57(1966)-61(1970)

Measurement
        QA 465 .M43
Pius has: v.1(2003)--

Personnel Psychology
        HF 5549 .A2 P53
Pius has: v.1(1948)--

Psychometrika
        BF 1 .P86
Pius has: v.1(1936)-48(1983), 50(1985)--
Microfilm: v.49(1989)

Nursing

Teresi, J. A., Lawton, M. P., Holmes, D., & Ory, M. (Eds.). (1997). Measurement in elderly chronic care populations. New York: Springer.
        RC 451.4 .N87 M43 1997

Ward, M. J., & Lindeman, C. A. (Eds.). (1979). Instruments for measuring nursing practice and other health care variables. Hyattsville, MD.: Bureau of Health Manpower, Division of Nursing.
        Govt Docs HE 20.6602:In7/3/v.1-2
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Psychology

Aiken, L. R. (2003). Psychological testing and assessment (11^th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
        BF 176 .A48 2003

Antonak, R. F., & Livneh, H. (1988). The measurement of attitudes toward people with disabilities: Methods, psychometrics and scales. Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.
        HV 1553 .A62 1988
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Antony, M. M., & Barlow, D. H. (Eds.). (2002). Handbook of assessment and treatment planning for psychological disorders. New York: Guilford.
        RC 469 .H356 2002

Briere, J. (2004). Psychological assessment of adult posttraumatic states: Phenomenology, diagnosis, and measurement (2^nd ed.) Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
        RC 552 .P67 B75 2004

Bryant, R. A., & Harvey, A. G. (2000). Acute stress disorder: A handbook of theory, assessment, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        RC 552 .P67 B79 2000

Byrne, B. M. (1996). Measuring self-concept across the life span. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
        BF 697.5 .S43 B97 1996

Cattell, R. B., & Warburton, F. W. (1967). Objective personality and motivation tests: A theoretical introduction and practical compendium. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
        BF 698.5 .C3

Chun, K. M., Organista, P. B., & Marin, G. (Eds.). (2003). Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        GN 366 .A27 2003

Ciminero, A. R., Calhoun, K. S., & Adams, H. E. (Eds.). Handbook of behavioral assessment. New York: Wiley.
        RC 469 .H36 1986

Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. E. (1999). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement (4^th ed.). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
        BF 176 .C63 1999

Cohen, S., Kessler, R. C., & Gordon, L. U. (Eds.). (1995). Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists. New York: Oxford University Press.
        RC 49 .M39 1995

Cushman, L. A., & Scherer, M. J. (Eds.). (1995). Psychological assessment in medical rehabilitation. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        RM 930 .P78 1995

Dahlberg, L. L., Toal, S. B., & Behrens, C. B. (Eds.). (1998). Measuring violence-related attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors among youths: A compendium of assessment tools. Atlanta: Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
        Govt Docs HE 20.7952:V81
Note 1: List of instruments included (Hough).
Note 2: Available online (www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/measure.htm).

Embretson, S. E., & Hershberger, S. L. (Eds.). (1999). The new rules of measurement: What every psychologist and educator should know. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
        BF 39 .N44 1999

Eyde, L. D., Robertson, G. J., Krug, S. E., Moreland, K. L., Robertson, A. G., Shewan, C. M., Harrison, P. L., Porch, B. E., Hammer, A. L., & Primoff, E. S. (1993). Responsible test use: Case studies for assessing human behavior. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        BF 176 .R475 1993

Friedman, S. L., & Wachs, T. D. (Eds.). (1999). Measuring environment across the life span: Emerging methods and concepts. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        BF 353 .M395 1999

Goldston, D. B. (2003). Measuring suicidal behavior and risk in children and adolescents. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        RJ 506 .S9 G65 2003

Gopaul-McNicol, S., & Armour-Thomas, E. (2002). Assessment and culture: Psychological tests with minority populations. San Diego: Academic Press.
        RC 386.6 .N48 N474 2000

Grisso, T., & Borum, R. (2003). Evaluating competencies: Forensic assessments and instruments (2^nd ed.). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
        KF 9242 .G7 2003

Groth-Marnet, G. (Ed.) (2000). Neuropsychological assessment in clinical practice: A guide to test interpretation and integration. New York: Wiley.
        RC 386.6 .N48 N474 2000

Groth-Marnet, G. (1997). Handbook of psychological assessment (3^rd ed.). New York: Wiley.
        BF 176 .G76 1997

Janda, L. H. (1998). Psychological testing: Theory and applications. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
        BF 176 .J35 1998 [Accompanying disk at Circulation Desk]

Jones, R. L. (Ed.). (1996). Handbook of tests and measurements for black populations (Vols. 1-2). Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry.
        BF 176 .H37 1996 Vols. 1-2
Note: List of instruments included (Hough)

Kamphaus, R. W., & Frick, P. J. (1996). Clinical assessment of child and adolescent personality and behavior. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
        RJ 503.5 .K36 1996

Kronenberger, W. G., & Meyer, R. G. (1996). The child clinician's handbook. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
        RJ 499.3 .K76 1996

Lake, D. G., Miles, M. B., & Earle, R. B. (Eds.). (1973). Measuring human behavior: Tools for the assessment of social functioning. New York: Teachers College Press.
        Z 7164 .S68 L3

LeUnes, A. D. (2002). Bibliography on psychological tests used in research and practice in sport and exercise psychology. Lewiston, NY: E. Mellon Press.
        GV 706.4 .L48 2002

Lichtenberg, P. A. (Ed.). (1999). Handbook of assessment in clinical gerontology. New York: Wiley.
        RC 451.4 .A5 H358 1999

Lopez, S. J., & Snyder, C. R. (Eds.). (2003). Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        BF 176 .P67 2003

Lowenthal, K. M. (1996). An introduction to psychological tests and scales. London: UCL Press.
        BF 176 .L64 1996

Maruish, M. E. (Ed.). (1999). The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment (2^nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
        RC 473 .P79 U83 1999

Mash, E. J., & Terdal, L. G. (Eds.). (1997). Assessment of childhood disorders (3^rd ed.). New York: Guilford.
        RJ 503.5 .B43 1997

Quick, J. C., Quick, J. D., Nelson, D. L., & Hurrell, J. J. (1997). Preventive stress management in organizations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        HF 5548.85 .P762 1997

Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W., (Eds.). (1990). Handbook of psychological and educational assessment of children (Vols. 1-2). New York: Guilford.
        BF 722 .H33 1990 Vols. 1-2

Samuda, R. J. (1998). Psychological testing of American minorities: Issues and consequences (2^nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
        BF 431 .S246 1998

Shaffer, D., Lucas, C. P., & Richters, J. E. (Eds.). (1999). Diagnostic assessment in child and adolescent psychopathology. New York: Guilford.
        RJ 499 .D495 1999

Smith, C. P. (Ed.). (1992). Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
        BF 503 .M665 1992

Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (2000). Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, & applications. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
        BF 575 .H56 H36 2000

Stuart-Hamilton, I. (1995). Dictionary of psychological testing, assessment and treatment. Bristol, PA: Jessica Kingsley.
        Ref. BF 176 .S78 1995

Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Shame and guilt. New York: Guilford Press.
        Ref. BF 575 .S45 T36 2002

Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tanleff, D. S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
        RC 569.5 .B65 E93 1999
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

Vazquez-Nuttall, E., Romero, I., & Kalesnik, J. (Eds.). (1992). Assessing and screening preschoolers: Psychological and educational dimensions. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
        BF 722 .A85 1992

Whetzel, D. L., & Wheaton, G. R. (Eds.). (1997). Applied measurement methods in industrial psychology. Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
        HF 5549.5 .P37 A67 1997

Wilson, J. P., & Keane, T. M. (Eds.). (1997). Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. New York: Guilford.
        RC 552 .P67 A85 1997

Woodrich, D. L. (1997). Children's psychological testing: A guide for nonpsychologists (3^rd ed.). Baltimore: P.H. Brookes.
        BF 722 .W63 1997

Sociology

Bonjean, C. M., Hill, R. J., & McLemore, S. D. (1967). Sociological measurement: An inventory of scales and indices. San Francisco: Chandler.
        Z 7164 .S68 B6
Note: List of instruments included (Hough).

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Buros: Complete MMY Index
        www.unl.edu/buros/00testscomplete.html
The Mental Measurements Yearbook (MMY) is one of the oldest and best-known test resources. It contains reviews of a selection of commercial tests newly developed or substantially revised since the publication of the previous edition. The Buros Web site provides indexing from the 9th edition (1985) through the present edition. Copies of the reviews can be obtained at Pius Library. The current edition is shelved at the Reference Desk; earlier editions are shelved at Ref. Z 5814 .P8 B932. The Buros Institute offers MMY Test Reviews Online (buros.unl.edu/buros/jsp/search.jsp), a service that displays current test descriptions and reviews of the tests for $15 per test title.

ETS Test Collection
        www.ets.org/testcoll/index.html
The Educational Testing Service (ETS) Test Collection database contains descriptions of over 20,000 tests and research instruments. Included are both commercial and non-commercial measures. Most of the catalog records contain detailed information about a test's structure. This database provides very useful test availability information. When a journal article source is identified, keep in mind that the test may not be reproduced in its completed form in the article; instead, you may find the various items identified in the context of an analysis.

Association of Test Publishers
        www.testpublishers.org/

Consortium for Equity in Standards and Testing (CTEST)
        wwwcsteep.bc.edu/CTESTWEB/ctestmain.html

Educational Testing Service
        www.ets.org/

Joint Committee on Testing Practices (JCTP)
        www.apa.org/science/jctpweb.html

National Association of Test Directors (NATD)
        www.natd.org/
Note: See the Code of Professional Responsibilities in Educational Measurement (www.natd.org/Code_of_Professional_Responsibilities.html) prepared by the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) (www.ncme.org/ ) Ad Hoc Committee on the Development of a Code of Ethics.

National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)
        www.ncme.org/

These documents pertain to the identification, evaluation, and use of tests and measures.

Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education
www.apa.org/science/fairtestcode.html
•Prepared by the Joint Committee on Testing Practices, 2004

Description: Presents standards for educational test developers and users in these areas:
        A. Developing and Selecting Appropriate Tests
        B. Administering and Scoring Tests
        C. Reporting and Interpreting Test Results
        D. Informing Test Takers

Categories:
       A. Security of Test Materials
       B. Testing Demonstrations
       C. Teaching Students to Administer and Score Tests
       D. Using Tests in Research

Description: Information about published and unpublished psychological tests and measures, i.e.,

        Section 1: Published Psychological Tests
        A. Finding Information on a Particular Test
        B. Finding a Particular Type of Test
        C. Locating a Specific Test
        D. Locating Test Publishers
        E. Purchasing Tests
        F. Test References
        G. Available Software and Scoring Services
        H. For Additional Information on the Proper Use of Tests

        Section 2: Unpublished Psychological Tests and Measures
        A. Printed Directories
        B. Other Directories

        Section 3: A Final Word and Responsibilities of Test Users

Description: A good summary that addresses key standards regarding test evaluation, i.e.,
        A. Test Coverage and Use
        B. Appropriate Samples for Test Validation and Norming
        C. Reliability
        D. Criterion Validity
        E. Content Validity
        F. Construct Validity
        G. Test Administration
        H. Test Reporting
        I. Test and Item Bias

Helen Hough, M.L.S., of the University of Texas at Arlington Libraries, developed and maintains an extremely useful Web site that identifies the contents of selected compilations of instruments. Searchers may consult a list of the instruments included in specific publications; this Pius Library Resource Guide indicates the availability of such lists for titles identified in the guide. Hough's Web site also supports test author and test title keyword searching.

Assessing the Effects of the Attacks on America
        obssr.od.nih.gov/activities/911/attack.htm
Instrument developed by Fran H. Norris, Ph.D., of Georgia State University. Available through the National Institutes of Health Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research.

Key Events in Psychological Measurement
        www.wku.edu/~sally.kuhlenschmidt/mttmln.htm
Fascinating timeline created by Sally Kuhlenschmidt, Ph.D., of Western Kentucky University.

The Medical Algorithms Project
        www.medal.org/visitor/
Developed by Quanta Healthcare Solutions, Inc., this site includes a chapter containing psychiatric measures.

National Center for PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). U.S. Department of Energy, Carlsbad Field Office & Westinghouse TRU Solutions LLC (WTS), Westinghouse Government Environmental Services Company.
        www.ncptsd.org/
The Center offers an interdisciplinary database called PILOTS (Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress), searchable online at no cost. The Center's site also provides information on assessment measures related to trauma exposure and responses and tips for searching for measures in the PILOTS database

Online Evaluation Resource Library (OERL)
        oerl.sri.com/
From the site: "This library was developed for professionals seeking to design, conduct, document, or review project evaluations. OERL is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF)."

Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation
        PAREonline.net/
A peer-reviewed electronic journal jointly published by edresearch.org and the University of Maryland's (College Park) Department of Measurement, Statistics, and Evaluation.

Legitimate instruments can be found on the Web (see section above for examples), but their number is quite small. Commercial publishers such as those listed in this guide under Test Related Companies on the Web may provide information about instruments they publish and distribute, and even sell them over the Web to qualified persons. Publishers will not, however, make actual instruments available on the Web because the validity of the instruments could be compromised by widespread access. In addition, improper administration and interpretation of these instruments by unqualified persons could result in harm being done to subjects.

Review any instrument found on the Web carefully to ascertain its source, i.e., who put it there and who created it. An instrument might be posted by a third party, without the knowledge or permission of the author and/or publisher. Sometimes a partial or otherwise modified version of a published instrument is posted, also without the prerequisite permissions. Both of these scenarios are probable illustrations of copyright violations. Every researcher is obligated to obtain and use measurement instruments and related materials in an ethical and lawful manner.

Unpublished instruments also may be found on the Web. Prior to adopting such instruments for one's own use, review the parent Web site carefully for any requirements regarding usage and attribution. Some researchers place instruments they developed on the Web to get them "out there" where they are easily accessible. Thus the Web serves as publicity vehicle for instruments that are new or not very well-known and probably have been the subject of little or no research. Easy access to instruments means more people might adopt them for research use, but do so absent of much (if any) evaluative literature about them. The flip side is that use of such instruments will lead to their evaluation and perhaps, eventually, a pertinent body of professional literature. Placing instruments on the Web also allows the authors themselves to monitor the Web sites, providing a rough gauge of the level of interest in the instruments.

A final cautionary note...Many of the instruments currently accessible via the Web were created by people who have no training or background in the measurement or subject fields. These measures are intended strictly for entertainment purposes. They may sound legitimate and closely resemble the "real thing"--but don't be fooled!

Related reading: Editorial on "Test security: Protecting the integrity of tests." (1999). American Psychologist, 54, 1078. (www.apa.org/journals/amp/testsecurity.html)

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In the testing field, the terms "published" and "unpublished" have special meanings when used in reference to measurement instruments. Instruments that are distributed by commercial publishers are said to be "published" (or "restricted") whereas those instruments available by other means, such as publication in journal articles, are "unpublished." This is a technical distinction but one that has bearings on the availability of instruments for study and use.

In general, published instruments (e.g., the California Psychological Inventory) are commercially distributed for a fee. They and companion materials such as manuals and forms typically are bundled together in a package for sale to qualified users. Under certain conditions, many publishers will sell an examination or preview kit but, as a precaution, such kits may not include all the items included in a complete kit.

Who is a "qualified user"? This depends upon the instrument. Publishers often code their materials in a fairly standard way (1,2,3 or A,B,C) to identify levels of qualified users. For example, see the Consulting Psychologists Press (CPP) Web page for Licensee Qualifications (www1.cpp.com/qual/index.asp). Generally, the lowest level code (i.e., 1 or A), provides the widest accessibility. The higher the level, the greater the restrictions on purchase. The obvious implication is that individuals who have identified an instrument for use in a project may discover that they cannot obtain the instrument--even to look at, much less to administer. This is a common plight among students.

This is the reason why "unpublished" instruments are used heavily by students. These materials often are printed in journal articles and reference books and may be readily available. The articles and books may include statements giving the permission of the copyright holder for the reproduction and further distribution of an instrument, requiring no other action on the researcher's part. Often, however, no statement regarding further reproduction and use is given. In still other cases, very explicit warnings are provided regarding such action. The catch is that even "unpublished" instruments are published in some sense. For example, a journal publisher probably holds the copyright for the journal article containing an instrument. The publisher may or may not hold the copyright for the instrument, depending upon its agreement with the author of the instrument (who may or may not be the author of the article!). In the latter two scenarios, reproduction for other than fair use purposes, and distribution of reproduced copies for the purpose of administration, are ethically questionable and may be copyright violations.

Here's the bottom line...Unless explicit permission is given in writing in the source publication, contact the copyright holder of an instrument to request permission to reproduce it--or modify it!--and use it in a study. Consent often will be given readily (particularly from individual authors), and the courtesy of having been asked will be appreciated. If you need help tracking down the appropriate person(s) for permission requests, contact a reference librarian for assistance.

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