Quartersawn Oak , a material little
used today, is one of the hallmarks of the Arts & Crafts style. At the
sawmill, the log is first split into four quarters as shown below (hence the name
'quartersawn'), then cut on the diagonal from the center of the tree out toward the
edges. A peculiarity of oak is that it has very strong, well defined ‘Medullary Rays’
running from the center of the tree outward. Look closely at the end of a sawn oak
board or branch and you can easily pick out the rays. They look like fine, straight
lines spreading out from the center of the tree, perpendicular to the grain of the
wood.
The Quartersawing Method places
these rays on the face of the board, revealing the distinctive stripe or 'ray fleck'
running across the grain that is the signature of quartersawn oak. According to Gustav
Stickley, "The quartersawing method of cutting...renders quartersawn oak structurally
stronger, also finer in grain, and, as shown before, less liable to warp and check
than when sawn in any other way."
Quartersawing fell out of favor in
the first half of this century because it yields less lumber per tree and takes more
labor than plainsawing. Because almost all oak furniture today is plainsawn, we associate
the quartersawn figure with prized period pieces. Therefore, this unique figure is an
important ingredient in accurately recreating the look of turn-of-the-century furniture.
Plainsawn Lumber is used in most oak furniture today.
Here boards are sawn from around the perimeter of the log so the growth rings are essentially
parallel with the surface. The ‘ray fleck’ appears only on the edges of the boards, if at all.
Plain sawing produces many wide, clear boards with a pronounced 'cathedral' figure mixed with
straighter grain. Plainsawn oak has a coarser, more textural look that draws attention away
from the lines of the piece toward the surface itself. This textural quality tends to give
furniture a more rustic or ‘country’ look, whereas the quartersawn figure is more refined and
shows off the rectilinear lines of Arts & Crafts furniture more clearly.
Sources:
